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Multiorgan Manifestations

The Absence or Deficiency of Parathyroid Hormone Is Linked to Multiorgan Manifestations1

Clinical Manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism1,2

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • Seizures
  • Basal ganglia calcifications
  • Parkinsonism or dystonia
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  • Vascular calcifications
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Hypocalcemia-associated dilated cardiomyopathy
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  • Laryngospasm
RENAL SYSTEM
  • Nephrocalcinosis*
  • Nephrolithiasis*
  • Chronic kidney disease*
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • Paresthesia
  • Muscle cramps
  • Pain
  • Tetany
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEM
  • Symptoms of anxiety and depression
  • Cognitive impairment ("brain fog")
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SYSTEM
  • Cataracts
  • Papilledema
DENTAL SYSTEM
  • Altered tooth morphology
DERMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM
  • Dry skin
  • Thinning hair
  • Brittle nails
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
  • Myopathy
  • Spondyloarthropathy
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • Seizures
  • Basal ganglia calcifications
  • Parkinsonism or dystonia
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  • Laryngospasm
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  • Vascular calcifications
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Hypocalcemia-associated dilated cardiomyopathy
RENAL SYSTEM
  • Nephrocalcinosis*
  • Nephrolithiasis*
  • Chronic kidney disease*
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • Paresthesia
  • Muscle cramps
  • Pain
  • Tetany
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEM
  • Symptoms of anxiety and depression
  • Cognitive impairment ("brain fog")
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SYSTEM
  • Cataracts
  • Papilledema
DENTAL SYSTEM
  • Altered tooth morphology
DERMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM
  • Dry skin
  • Thinning hair
  • Brittle nails
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
  • Myopathy
  • Spondyloarthropathy
  Adapted by permission from Springer Nature. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2017;3:17055. Hypoparathyroidism. Mannstadt M, et al. 2017.
* These manifestations are mostly the result of treatment with pharmacologically high doses of calcium and calcitriol (active vitamin D) rather than of the disease itself.1
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